[Kelas Pagi] KECERDASAN INTELEKTUAL (IQ), EMOSIONAL (EI), DAN SPIRITUAL (SI)

Oleh:

Khoirunnisa (2021)
Kholifatul Amer Jannah (2021)

(Psikologi Pendidikan)

Pengertian Kecerdasan Intelektual (IQ)

Kecerdasan intelektual menurut Sternberg (2008) adalah sebagai kemampuan untuk belajar dari pengalaman, berfikir menggunakan proses- proses metakognitif, dan kemampuan untuk beradaptasi dengan lingkungan sekitar.

Pengertian Kecerdasan Emosional (EI)

Salovey dan Mayer mendefinisikan kecerdasan emosional yaitu sebagai alat kecerdasan keterampilan sosial yang melibatkan kemampuan individu untuk memantau dan mengontrol emosi pada diri sendiri dan orang lain, serta menggabungkan pikiran dan perilaku dengan menggunakan emosi tersebut (Saphiro, 2003).

Pengertian Kecerdasan Spiritual (SI)

Zohar dan Marshall (2001) mendefinisikan Kecerdasan spiritual adalah kecerdasan untuk menyelesaikan masalah makna dan nilai, kecerdasan untuk memposisikan perilaku dan hidup kita dalam konteks makna yang lebih luas dan kaya,kecerdasan untuk menaksir bahwa suatu tindakan atau jalan hidup tertentu lebih
bermakna dari pada yang lain.

Aspek-Aspek Kecerdasan Intelektual (IQ)

Menurut Stenberg (2008) kecerdasan intelektual memiliki 3 aspek yaitu:

1. Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah
2. Intelegensi Praktis
3. Intelegensi Verbal

Aspek-Aspek Kecerdasan Emosional (EI)

Menurut Goleman (2003) terdapat lima aspek kecerdasan emosional yang dijelaskan sebagai berikut:

1. Mengenali Emosi Diri
2. Mengelola Emosi
3. Memotivasi Diri Sendiri
4. Mengenali Emosi Orang Lain
5. Membina Hubungan

Aspek-Aspek Kecerdasan Spiritual (SI)

Aspek-aspek dari kecerdasan spiritual (SI) menurut David G. Myers (2012) adalah sebagai berikut:

1.Kemampuan untuk mentransendesi
2. Kemampuan untuk menyucikan pengalaman sehari-hari
3. Kemampuan untuk mengalami kondisi-kondisi kesadaran puncak
4. Kemampuan untuk menggunakan potensi-potensi spiritual untuk memecahkan berbagai masalah
5. Kemampuan untuk terlihat dalam berbagai kebajikan

Sumber:

Goleman, D. 2003. Emotional Intelligence. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Sternberg, R.J. 2008. Psikologi Kognitif. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Myers, D.G.2012. Psikologi Sosial. Jakarta:Salemba Humanika.

Shapiro, L.E. 2003. Mengajarkan Emotional Intelligence pada Anak Ali bahasa Alex Tri Kantiono. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Zohar, D. & Marshal, 1. 2001. Memanfaatkan Kecerdasan Spiritual dalam Berfikir Integralistik dan Holistik untuk Memaknai Kehidupan Bandung: Mizan

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