[Kelas Pagi] Performa Puncak

Oleh:
Milan Daryanani (2022)
Sri Suniarti (2022)  Psikologi positif dan pendidikan

Definisi Performa Puncak
Performa puncak adalah istilah yang digunakan Gayle Privette (1981, 1983) untuk menggambarkan saat-saat ketika kita tampil  di luar tingkat fungsi normal kita dan dapat terjadi dalam setiap aspek aktivitas manusia: intelektual, emosional, atau fisik

Hampir masing-masing dari kita dapat mengingat setidaknya satu kejadian di mana kita entah bagaimana, secara ajaib, tampil jauh lebih baik daripada biasanya. Beberapa orang mengingat kinerja yang unggul dalam ujian, yang lain mengingat insiden keberanian atau ketekunan yang tidak biasa, atau episode seperti yang dikutip di atas tentang kinerja puncak.

Parameter Performa Puncak
Penyelidikan Privette menemukan bahwa kinerja puncak dapat digambarkan dengan empat parameter:(1) fokus yang jelas pada diri, objek, dan hubungan;(2) keterlibatan yang intens dalam sebuah pengalaman (3) niat yang kuat untuk menyelesaikan suatu tugas; dan (4) ekspresi kekuasaan yang spontan. Meskipun penyelidikan Privette mengungkapkan bahwa banyak orang dalam berbagai situasi telah mengalami momen kinerja puncak, masih sulit untuk memahami pemicu yang tepat untuk pengalaman tersebut.

Kondisi saat Performa Puncak
Garfield dan Bennet (1984) menemukan delapan kondisi yang menyertai saat-saat ketika kinerja aktual berada dalam kondisi terbaiknya:1. Relaksasi mental dan rasa tenang, konsentrasi tinggi, dan sering kali waktu melambat.2. Relaksasi fisik dengan gerakan longgar dan cair.3. Percaya diri dan optimisme bahkan dalam menghadapi tantangan.4. Fokus pada saat ini dan rasa tubuh seseorang tampil secara otomatis.5. Tingkat energi yang tinggi disertai dengan emosi positif seperti kegembiraan, serta perasaan “panas” atau “bersemangat”.6. Kesadaran luar biasa dari tubuh sendiri. Seringkali ini disertai dengan kemampuan luar biasa untuk mengetahui apa yang akan dilakukan atlet lain dan kemampuan untuk merespons mereka secara instan.7. Rasa kontrol total tanpa upaya yang tidak semestinya untuk menciptakan atau mempertahankan kontrol itu.8. “Dalam kepompong.” Ini mengacu pada perasaan berada di dalam amplop yang melindungi seseorang dari gangguan. Selain itu, ini memungkinkan akses mudah ke kekuatan dan keterampilan seseorang.

Petunjuk Praktik menuju Performa Puncak
(1) keluar dari zona nyaman Anda dan tantang diri Anda sendiri; (2) fokus pada proses atau aktivitas saat-demi-saat; (3) sadar diri, bukan sadar diri; (4) percaya pada keterampilan Anda dan berhenti mengomel keraguan diri; (5) “mengatur panggung”, atau melakukan semua persiapan yang diperlukan sebelum kompetisi; dan (6) berlatihlah latihan meditasi sederhana untuk membantu memusatkan perhatian pada masa kini dan membantu mengendalikan pikiran-pikiran yang tidak perlu dan mengganggu.

Sumber:
Compton, C. William. (2005). An Introduction to Positive Psychology, USA: Thomson       Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper & Row. Csikszentmihalyi has several interesting books on flow written for the general public.
Garfield, C. A., & Bennett, H. Z. (1984). Peak perfor- mance: Mental training techniques of the world’s greatest athletes. Los Angeles: Tarcher.
Privette, G. (1983). Peak experience, peak performance, and flow: A comparative analysis of positive human experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychol- ogy, 45(6), 1361–1368.
Privette, G., & Landsman, T. (1983). Factor analysis of peak performance: The full use of potential. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 195–200.

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